The rolling fields of Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée, a small village scarred by the ravages of the First World War, bear silent witness to a pivotal battle and the immense sacrifice of British soldiers. Here, amidst the tranquil landscape that belies its violent past, stands the Givenchy 55th Division Memorial, a poignant reminder of the contributions and losses suffered by the 55th (West Lancashire) Division during the brutal fighting of April 1918. The upcoming 90th anniversary wreath-laying ceremony serves as a vital opportunity to reflect on the history of this valiant division and the enduring legacy of those who fought and fell at Givenchy.
This article will delve into the history of the 55th Infantry Division, focusing specifically on its involvement in the Battle of Givenchy in April 1918, and the significance of the memorial that stands as a testament to their courage and sacrifice. We will explore the composition of the division, the challenges faced during the battle, and the lasting impact of their actions on the course of the war.
55th Infantry Division History: A Forging of Lancashire Spirit
The 55th (West Lancashire) Division was a Kitchener's Army division, formed in 1914 from territorial units primarily based in Lancashire and Cheshire. Its formation reflected the widespread patriotic fervour that swept across Britain in the wake of the war's declaration. Unlike many regular army divisions, the 55th was composed largely of men who had volunteered for service, bringing with them a diverse range of backgrounds and experiences. This blend of backgrounds, however, fostered a strong sense of camaraderie and regional pride, a characteristic that would define the division throughout its service.
The division's initial training was understandably rushed, given the urgency of the situation. However, the men quickly adapted to military life, demonstrating a remarkable resilience and willingness to learn. Their training focused on infantry tactics, crucial for the trench warfare that dominated the Western Front. The division's early service saw them deployed to various sectors along the Western Front, gaining valuable combat experience and honing their skills under fire. They participated in numerous engagements, gradually becoming hardened veterans, tempered by the brutal realities of trench warfare. This experience proved invaluable as they faced the onslaught of the German spring offensive in 1918.
The 55th Division was known for its strong leadership and a remarkable esprit de corps. Officers and men alike displayed unwavering determination in the face of overwhelming odds, often exceeding expectations set by higher command. This tenacity was forged in the crucible of intense combat, where survival often depended on the combined efforts of individual soldiers and the cohesive actions of the unit as a whole. The strong sense of community within the division, rooted in their shared Lancashire heritage, played a significant role in maintaining morale and cohesion throughout the grueling campaigns.
55th Infantry Division WLA (West Lancashire Army): A Closer Look at its Composition
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